bollmann



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1..

L. BOLLMANN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 323,108. Patented July 28,1885.

INVENTUR:

y nu wbamwz Wu. MM

MV PETERS, PhwmLilhc m hnr. Washington, n.c4

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. BOLLMANN. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 323,108. Patented July 28, 1885.

WITNESSES:

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

L. BOLLMANN.

DYNAMO ELEGTRIO MACHINE.

Patentedjuly28, 1885.

N. PETcas, Phaloiilhogmpher. Washingicn, u. c.

No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet; 4'.

L. BOLLMANN.

v DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. No. 323,108. Patented July 28, 1885.

WITNESSES: I INVENTOR= N PETERS. Phmumo her, Wzshinginlv. D. c.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Y ga tented J11 (No Model.)

L. BOLLMANN. DYNAMO ELEGTRIO MACHINE. No. 323.10g T UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS BOLLMANN, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,108, dated July 28, 1885.

An lication filed November 26, 1894. (N model.) Patented in England November 8, 1884, No. 14,779; in France November 18, 1884, No. 105,437; in Belgium November 20, 1884, No. (16,952; in Italy December 31, 18154, XXXV, 3G6, and in Austiia-Hungary March (1, 1885, No. 42,744 and No. 11,356,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, LOUIS BOLLMANN, a citizen of the United States and a resident of the city of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, (for which invention I have been granted patents in Great Britain, November 8, 1884, No. 14,779; France, November 18, 1884, No. 165,437; Belgium, November20, 1884, No. 66,952; Italy, December 31, 1884, XXXV, 366, and in Austria-Hungary, March 6, 1885, No. 42,744 and No. 11,336,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electrodynamo machines which have no iron in the rotating armature; and the objects of my improvements are, first, to produce a powerful induction of an electrical current by means of a disk-armature revolving bet-ween the poles of field-magnets, said armature comprising numerous peculiarly-arranged radial strips of copper, and connecting or tie strips, also of copper or other good conducting material, arranged to connect the radial strips in such a manner as to form with the latter numerous compact spiral circuits, through which the induced current flows, the flow in the radial strips being in the opposite directions; second, to arrange the said connections or tie-strips of the spiral circuits in their relation to the fieldmagnets in such a manner that useful currents will be induced in them as well as in the radial strips; third, to arrange the field-magnets in such a manner that they will stand and act with their north poles on one side of the armature and their south poles on the opposite side; fourth, to so construct the frame of the machine that the armature and its shaft may be readily and conveniently removed without the necessity of taking the frame apart.

The novel features of my invention will be hereinafter described, and definitely set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein my invention is fully illustrated, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical mid-section of my machine, except as to the commutator, which is in elevation. Fig. 2 is, as to its left-hand side, an elevation of my machine taken from the left in Fig. 1, and as to its right-hand side a transverse section on line 2 2 in Big. 1. Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are views illustrating the constructi onof the commutator, Fig. 3 being an end view of same on the same scale as Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one of the rings which form the collector-disk detached and enlarged. Fig. 5 is a vertical mid-seetion of the collector-disk taken in the plane of its axis; and Fig. 6 a plan view of the stretch-out of the periphery of the collectordisk. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 relate to the armature. Fig. 7 is a view of the stretch-out of a portion of the edge of the armature, designed to illustrate the mode of connecting the elements to form the spiral circuits. Fig. Sis a side elevation of one-half of the armature. In Fig. 7 the radial strips are arranged in groups of five, and in Fig. 8 they are arranged in groups of six. Fig. 9 is a vertical section through the ring of the armature, taken on line 9 9 in Fig. 7. Fig. 10 gives a side and edge view of one of the radial copper strips of the armature, and Fig. 11. gives corresponding views of the preferred form of one of the copper connecting or tie strips of the armature. The radial strips may be tapered, if desired. Fig. 12 is an elevation, Fig. 13 is an edge view, and Fig. 14 a plan view, of a part of one of the spiral circuits of the armature, designed to illustrate the construction of these circuits. Figs. 15,16, 17,18, 19, and are diagrams illustrating the inductive action of the machine, and will be described hereinafter. Fig. 21 is a view of the stretchout of a portion of the edge of an armature, wherein the spiral circuits are arranged in a somewhat different manner from that shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A is the base or bed plate of the machine, and E E are ringlike uprights mounted on said base and form-' ing the frame for the support of the field-magnets F and G.

B is the main shaft, mounted rotatively in bearings in the base A, and O is a flange fixed thereon, between which and a loose ring, 0', is clamped the revolving armature D. The armature is insulated from its clamp by suitable insulating material, and the clamping is conveniently effected by screws a a.

The elect-r0 field-magnets G and F are wound with insulated copper wire in such a manner that their poles are opposite to those facing themthat is, a north pole on one side faces a south pole on the opposite side; but on the same side of the armature the poles are in alternate order north and south. All the poles may be open to the armature, as in the case of the magnets G in Fig. 1, and in this case they are in alternate order on each side; or the magnets may be so arranged that every second pair is connected by a bridgepiece, F, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, where the opposite magnets F F are so connected. The poles of these magnets are thereby closed and cannot act on the armature D, but the magnetism excited in them by their coils increases the power of the open poles of the next ad jacent magnets, forming with the latter S- magnets with all the north poles on the one side of the armature and all the south poles on the other side, thus making very powerl'ul magnets of considerable length. In the drawings I have shown sixteen (16) magnets on each side of the armature; but there may be more or less.

I will now describe the armature D, referring particularly to Figs. 10 to Li.

I construct of the radial strips designated generically by I and the tie-strips designated generically by It a circuit which .I have deii ncd as spiral, as the current which flows through it moves spirally. In the preferred form the tie-strip R is curved edgewise, Fig. 11, to conform to the curvature or circular form of the armature, and has attachingbranches 1) b bent on its ends, as clearly shown. Referring now to Fig. 12, I take two radial strips, 1? P, and solder or rivet to their outer ends the branches ot'a tie-strip, It, as at a and b. I then attach another shorter tie-strip, It", to the strip 1 at c by the same means, leaving the other end of strip It free, as at d. This forms one turn or coil ot'the spiral circuit. Another turn or coil is now formed, which will fit and nest within this latter coil, being attached to the first at d, and the end (1 of the second coil is left open to receive the third coil, and so on. These several coils are properly separated by insulating material, and a current that enters this circuit at one extremity will flow through each coil, one after the other, spirally, to the opposite end. In Figs. 7 and 9 I have shown the circuits made up each of live (5) of these coils, and in Fig. 8 made up each of six (6) coils. In order that the coils may nest properly one within another, the ties R are made successively shorter and shorter, as will be readily understood. In Fig. 8 I have numbered the different spiral circuits 1, 2, 3, and 4, so that they may be readily distinguished, and have shown the ties R of circuits 1 and 3 arranged 011 one side of the armature, and the ties R of circuits 2 and 4 on the other side of the armature, these latter being below the former, as will be seen in Figs. 7 and 9. Thus in the arrai'igement shown four circuits overlap and form a group, of which the armature contains eight (8) and each circuit (in Fig. 8) contains six (6) turns or coils. In the armature thereare, th(m, thirtytwo (S2) circuits of the character described, which are grouped together to form a disk and clamped to the shaft by the clamping device C C, before described. The parts or elements are all insulated t'rom each other, but so arranged that the air can circulate t'reely among them.

The angular distance a 1 in Figs. '7 and S, which corresponds to the space taken up in the armature by one circuitas 1, for examplemust be equal to the angular distance from the axis of one field-magnet to the axis of that next magnet adjacent. That is in this case one-sixteenth of the circle, and as there are thirty-two ('32,) overlapping circuits or sect-ions there will be four distinct overlapping groups, which will come in succession under the intluence of all the magnets. Thecireuits marked 1 are connected together attheir inner ends by some suitable electrical connection, as indicated by the loops (1 c in Fig. 8, and the two terminals of the combined circuit thus formed are led to the commutator. All the circuits 2, 3, and 4 arelikewise connected and their terminals led to the commutator. These connections may be made in any convenient manner within the clamp O 0. By inspection of Fig. 1 it will be seen that the poles of the field-magnets (sec G G) stand close to the radial strips of the armature and play between the outer tie-strips and inner tiestripswhich connect said radial pieces.

In order to explain the imlnction ot' the current in the radial strips I. by their movement through the magnetic field, I will consider only a single coil ofthespiral circniton its way between the magnets, and suppose that the inner strip, It, Fig. 12, is connected at dto the next circuit or section. Fn rther, let it be supposcd, for the sake of simplicity, that the magnets are arranged in a straight line, that the movement of the armature is in a str'i'iight line between them from left to right, and that the magnets are all like G- G, with open poles, so that there are north and south poles on each side, as indicated by x and n in the explanatory diagrams Figs. 15 to 20. In these figures the poles facing the armature on one side are indicated by shaded or tinted squares, and the direction of the electric magnet currents (according to Amperes hypothesis) by small arrows. The armature is designated by the heavy black line, and the direction of the current induced in it by arrow-heads drawn in said line.

The diagram Fig. 15 shows the radial strips or elements I l situated midway between the poles. l is retreating from the magnetcurrents of the south pole on its left side, which IlO there run downward. This tends to induce a downward current in it; but it is also approaching the downward currents of the north pole at its right side, which tends to induce in it an upward current. No induction can therefore take effect, and this is the neutral position when the current is cut out by the 00111- mutator. In all the situations the part P is acted on exactly the same as P, only the directions of the currents are opposite, and so also are all the following parts belonging to the same series.

Fig. 16 shows the radial part P at the edge of the north pole. As the space between the south and north poles is filled with vertical magnet-currents downward P is retreating from a greater number of such currents than it is approaching; therefore a downward current is induced in it. This is further assisted by its approach toward the upward currents on the right side of the north pole n, which excites also a downward current.

Fig. 17 shows P in the middle of the pole, which is the best position. It is now retreating from all the downward magnet-currents at its left side and approaching toward all the upward currents at its right side. Both of these actions induce in P a powerful current in a downward direction. The next position, Fig. 18, is similar to Fig. 16. P approaches now more downward currents than it is retreating from, and is also retreating from the downward currents of the north pole at its left side. which induces a downward current in it. The position following nextis like Fig. 15, again neutral, and as P goes on farther the same inductions take place in the same order, but in an opposite direction. There are consequently as many alterations of the current during one revolution of the disk D as there are magnets on one side of it. If the magnets are arranged so that the poles of ev' ery second pair are connected like FF in Fig. 1, then all poles on one side of the armature will be alike, and the action as follows:

Fig. 19 is a neutral position of P, which is now situated at the edge of the pole. As all the poles are south poles, their 1nagnet-currents change directions in the middle between them, as well as in the middle of the pole. P is therefore retreating from as many downward currents as it is approaching; consequently no current is induced.

Fig. 20 shows the best position. P is in the middle of the pole, retreating from the upward currents at its left side and approaching toward the downward currents on its right side, which induces an upward current. P is situated between the equal poles, and also retreats from the downward currents of the magnet at its left and approaches the upward currents at its right-hand side, which both produce a downward induction in it. Both arrangements of the magnets give about the same effects.

The peculiar situations of the connections R close to the edges inside and outside of the pole-pieces, Fig. '1, produces also inductions in them during their motion, which assist the inductions in the radial parts P, they being simultaneous and of equal directions with the latter.

\Vhen a current is flowing toward a conductor or away from the same in an angular direction, and the conductor is moved in the direction of its length, a current is induced in it whose direction is equal to the motion when the inducing current is passing away from the said conductor, and opposite when the current is passing toward it. Now, in position Fig. 17 the magnet-currents between the poles s and n are flowing downwardthat is, away from the connection Rwhich causes the induction of a current in it corresponding to the direction of its motion. In the connection It the same action takes place. IVhen the parts have moved farther on, the full distance from one magnet to the next, then the magnet-currents flow everywhere toward R R, which induces in a contrary direction to its motion.

The inductions which have been explainedabove for the single coils are simultaneously going on in all others that belong to the several sections forming one series, and the series follow one another, so that while one is neutral the others are more or less in action, and one of thelatter in the best position.

I will now describe the commutator L, which is illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The collector-disk is made up in this case of eight (8) rings, H, one of which is shown in elevation in Fig. 4. Two of such rings belong to a series of spiral circuits, and a cable leads from each end of the series to a hole, Z, in the ring H, where it is fastened. Each ring has eight (8) projecting obliquely-arranged ribs, m, and the sum of these ribs form the periphcry of the eollectordisk. The ribs on each ring are equally spaced, and the two rings that belong together are so set that the ribs on the one stand intermediate between the ribs on the other, and thus with these two rings we have sixteen ribs equally spaced. The four (4:) pairs of rings H are combined properly and clamped on shaft B between the hubfiange n and clampingring 0, as seen in Fig. 5. The collector-disk thus formed has a periphery made up of the sixty-four (64) oblique ribs m. An air-space is left between the ribs, and the rings are separated from each other by insulating material. Fig. 6 illustrates the oblique arrangement of the ribs. The object of this is to have the brushes I, Figs. 1 and 3, touch two of the ribs at the same time. The positive and negative brushes must contact with the ribs at angular distances from each other equal to one, three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, or fifteen sixteenths of a circle. The positive and negative signs in Fig.

6 indicate the distance within which the currents change direction.

IIO

IIS

Lil

In Fig. 3, I I represent the brushes, J J the holders for the same, and K a ring-plate to which the holders are attached. These may be constructed in any way. I generally use more than two brushes, and up to sixteen (16) may be distributed around the collector to prevent undue heating.

The armature elements P and B may be flat, square, or cylindrical in section, and be arranged in other ways than described without departing from the spirit of my invention. The elements B may be arranged concentrically-that is, those forming one group may be arranged at different distances from the armature-axis, if desired, instead of at equal distances, as shownand in lieu of overlapping the several. spiral circuits 1 2 3 4, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, they may be arranged as in Fig. 21. This view shows only the outer tie-strips R which belong to two of the circuits, those connecting the other two being below these. The white spaces indicate the positions of the ends of the radial strips 1? belonging to these latter circuits. The numbers of the parts in the armature and commutator and the num ber of the field-magnets may differ from those shown in the drawings.

In order that the shaft B with the armature and commutator may be readily lifted out of the frame E E, I construct this frame open at the top, so that the shaft can pass out freely and close the openings by segments 0 0, one for each ring E, which segments are attached to the rings by screws. One or two of the upper magnets are secured to these segments and are lifted out with them.

I am aware that it has been proposed to provide the ring of a dynamo-electric machine which bears the field-magnets with a removable segment to provide access to the armature in machines where the armature and its shaft cannot be lifted out. This I do not claim, nor do I claim the connnutator herein shown and described, as commutators of this character have been proposed before.

I have not shown the connections between the armature and the commutator, as these may be of the usual kind known to those skilled in the art, and may be arranged in any manner that will produce the required results.

My machine may as well be used as a motor.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. The spiral circuit, to form an element or section of an armature constructed of radial strips 1?, and tie-strips R, substantially as shown and described,whereby coils are formed that nest together, as set forth.

2. An armature composed of spiral circuits formed of the radial strips and tie-strips substantially as described, and said spiral circuits put together to overlap, substantially as set forth.

3. An armature composed of the series 1 2 3 4 of spiral circuits constructed as described, the tie-strips of the several circuits being arranged on opposite sides of the armature substantially as shown.

t. The'combinatiomwith the field-magnets, of the armature made up ofspiral circuits constructed, as described, of strips I and B, said circuits forming equal segments of the armature-disk, and each segment being equal in extent to the angular distance between the poles of the adjacent magnets, as shown and described.

5. The combination,with the field-magnets, of the armature made up of spiral circuits constructed substantially as described, andhaving its tie-strips It It arranged with ref erence to the pole-pieces of the magnets as set forth, whereby the said pole-pieces pass between the outer groups, R", of said strips and the inner groups, R, as described.

(5. A dynamo-electric machine wherein the poles of alternate pairs of the magnets are connected substantially as described, whereby S-magnets are formed, and free north poles are formed 011 one side of the armature, and free south poles on the other side, as set forth.

7. The combination, with the removable shaft bearing the armature, of the stand E, constructed open at the top and provided with detachable and removable cl osiug-segments e e, as set forth, whereby by removing said segments the armature and shaft may be lifted out.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my nature in presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS BOLLMANN.

Vitnesses:

O. O. PAGET, E. G. F. MonLLnR. 

